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Fish are aquatic vertebrates characterized by their streamlined bodies, fins, and gills, which allow them to respire underwater. They inhabit a diverse range of aquatic environments, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and streams, and are found in nearly every corner of the globe. With over 30,000 species identified to date, fish display an incredible array of shapes, sizes, colors, and behaviors.
Physically, fish exhibit a variety of adaptations suited to their environments. Their bodies are typically covered in scales, which serve to protect them from abrasions and reduce friction as they move through the water. Fins aid in propulsion, stability, and maneuverability, with the tail fin being the primary source of propulsion in most species. Additionally, many fish have specialized anatomical features, such as lateral lines, which allow them to detect changes in water pressure and navigate effectively.
Fish display a wide range of feeding strategies, with some species being carnivorous, others herbivorous, and many occupying omnivorous diets. Their diets often correspond to their habitats and lifestyles, with some species being bottom-feeders, filter-feeders, or actively hunting prey.
Reproduction in fish varies greatly among species, with some laying eggs that are fertilized externally, while others exhibit internal fertilization. Many fish undergo complex courtship rituals before spawning, involving behaviors such as color changes, fin displays, and intricate mating dances.